Bootstrap 按钮
概述
Bootstrap 提供了丰富的按钮样式和功能，包括不同的颜色、大小、状态和类型。按钮是用户界面中最重要的交互元素之一。
基本按钮
使用 .btn 类创建基本按钮，配合颜色类定义按钮样式：
html
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">Secondary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light">Light</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-dark">Dark</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>轮廓按钮
使用 .btn-outline-* 类创建轮廓按钮：
html
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">Secondary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-success">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-danger">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-warning">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-info">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-light">Light</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark">Dark</button>按钮大小
大按钮和小按钮
html
<!-- 大按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg">大按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-lg">大按钮</button>
<!-- 默认大小 -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">默认按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary">默认按钮</button>
<!-- 小按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">小按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm">小按钮</button>块级按钮
创建跨越父元素全宽的按钮：
html
<div class="d-grid gap-2">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button">块级按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-secondary" type="button">块级按钮</button>
</div>
<!-- 响应式块级按钮 -->
<div class="d-grid gap-2 d-md-block">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button">按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-secondary" type="button">按钮</button>
</div>按钮状态
活动状态
html
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary active" role="button" aria-pressed="true">活动链接</a>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary active">活动按钮</button>禁用状态
html
<!-- 禁用按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" disabled>禁用按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary" disabled>禁用按钮</button>
<!-- 禁用链接 -->
<a class="btn btn-primary disabled" role="button" aria-disabled="true">禁用链接</a>
<a class="btn btn-secondary disabled" role="button" aria-disabled="true">禁用链接</a>按钮标签
按钮类可以用于多种 HTML 元素：
html
<!-- 链接按钮 -->
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="#" role="button">链接</a>
<!-- 按钮元素 -->
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">按钮</button>
<!-- 输入按钮 -->
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="button" value="输入">
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="submit" value="提交">
<input class="btn btn-primary" type="reset" value="重置">切换按钮
创建可切换状态的按钮：
html
<!-- 单个切换按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" data-bs-toggle="button">
切换按钮
</button>
<!-- 预选中的切换按钮 -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary active" data-bs-toggle="button" aria-pressed="true">
已选中切换按钮
</button>加载状态按钮
显示加载状态的按钮：
html
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" disabled>
<span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
加载中...
</button>
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button" disabled>
<span class="spinner-grow spinner-grow-sm" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
加载中...
</button>实际示例
html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>Bootstrap 按钮示例</title>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container my-5">
<h1>Bootstrap 按钮示例</h1>
<!-- 基本按钮 -->
<h2>基本按钮</h2>
<div class="mb-4">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary me-2">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary me-2">Secondary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success me-2">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger me-2">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-warning me-2">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-info me-2">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-light me-2">Light</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-dark me-2">Dark</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-link">Link</button>
</div>
<!-- 轮廓按钮 -->
<h2>轮廓按钮</h2>
<div class="mb-4">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary me-2">Primary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-secondary me-2">Secondary</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-success me-2">Success</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-danger me-2">Danger</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-warning me-2">Warning</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-info me-2">Info</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-dark">Dark</button>
</div>
<!-- 按钮大小 -->
<h2>按钮大小</h2>
<div class="mb-4">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg me-2">大按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary me-2">默认按钮</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success btn-sm">小按钮</button>
</div>
<!-- 块级按钮 -->
<h2>块级按钮</h2>
<div class="d-grid gap-2 mb-4">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="button">块级按钮</button>
<button class="btn btn-outline-secondary" type="button">块级轮廓按钮</button>
</div>
<!-- 按钮状态 -->
<h2>按钮状态</h2>
<div class="mb-4">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary me-2">正常状态</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary active me-2">活动状态</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary me-2" disabled>禁用状态</button>
</div>
<!-- 不同标签的按钮 -->
<h2>不同标签的按钮</h2>
<div class="mb-4">
<a class="btn btn-primary me-2" href="#" role="button">链接按钮</a>
<button class="btn btn-success me-2" type="submit">提交按钮</button>
<input class="btn btn-info me-2" type="button" value="输入按钮">
<input class="btn btn-warning" type="submit" value="输入提交">
</div>
<!-- 带图标的按钮 -->
<h2>带图标的按钮</h2>
<div class="mb-4">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary me-2">
<svg width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-download me-1" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
<path d="M.5 9.9a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v2.5a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h12a1 1 0 0 0 1-1v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 1 0v2.5a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H2a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-2.5a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5z"/>
<path d="M7.646 11.854a.5.5 0 0 0 .708 0l3-3a.5.5 0 0 0-.708-.708L8.5 10.293V1.5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v8.793L5.354 8.146a.5.5 0 1 0-.708.708l3 3z"/>
</svg>
下载
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success me-2">
<svg width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-check-circle me-1" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
<path d="M8 15A7 7 0 1 1 8 1a7 7 0 0 1 0 14zm0 1A8 8 0 1 0 8 0a8 8 0 0 0 0 16z"/>
<path d="M10.97 4.97a.235.235 0 0 0-.02.022L7.477 9.417 5.384 7.323a.75.75 0 0 0-1.06 1.061L6.97 11.03a.75.75 0 0 0 1.079-.02l3.992-4.99a.75.75 0 0 0-1.071-1.05z"/>
</svg>
确认
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">
<svg width="16" height="16" fill="currentColor" class="bi bi-trash me-1" viewBox="0 0 16 16">
<path d="M5.5 5.5A.5.5 0 0 1 6 6v6a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V6a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5zm2.5 0a.5.5 0 0 1 .5.5v6a.5.5 0 0 1-1 0V6a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5zm3 .5a.5.5 0 0 0-1 0v6a.5.5 0 0 0 1 0V6z"/>
<path fill-rule="evenodd" d="M14.5 3a1 1 0 0 1-1 1H13v9a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V4h-.5a1 1 0 0 1-1-1V2a1 1 0 0 1 1-1H6a1 1 0 0 1 1-1h2a1 1 0 0 1 1 1h3.5a1 1 0 0 1 1 1v1zM4.118 4 4 4.059V13a1 1 0 0 0 1 1h6a1 1 0 0 0 1-1V4.059L11.882 4H4.118zM2.5 3V2h11v1h-11z"/>
</svg>
删除
</button>
</div>
<!-- 加载状态按钮 -->
<h2>加载状态按钮</h2>
<div class="mb-4">
<button class="btn btn-primary me-2" type="button" disabled>
<span class="spinner-border spinner-border-sm me-2" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
加载中...
</button>
<button class="btn btn-success me-2" type="button" disabled>
<span class="spinner-grow spinner-grow-sm me-2" role="status" aria-hidden="true"></span>
处理中...
</button>
</div>
<!-- 切换按钮 -->
<h2>切换按钮</h2>
<div class="mb-4">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary me-2" data-bs-toggle="button">
切换按钮
</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary active" data-bs-toggle="button" aria-pressed="true">
预选中切换按钮
</button>
</div>
<!-- 实际应用场景 -->
<h2>实际应用场景</h2>
<!-- 表单按钮 -->
<h4>表单按钮</h4>
<form class="mb-4">
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="email" class="form-label">邮箱</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="email">
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="password" class="form-label">密码</label>
<input type="password" class="form-control" id="password">
</div>
<button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary me-2">登录</button>
<button type="reset" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">重置</button>
</form>
<!-- 操作按钮组 -->
<h4>操作按钮组</h4>
<div class="mb-4">
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-primary btn-sm me-1">编辑</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-info btn-sm me-1">查看</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-warning btn-sm me-1">复制</button>
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-danger btn-sm">删除</button>
</div>
<!-- 卡片中的按钮 -->
<h4>卡片中的按钮</h4>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4">
<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
<h5 class="card-title">产品标题</h5>
<p class="card-text">这里是产品的简要描述信息。</p>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-primary">查看详情</a>
<a href="#" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">加入购物车</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>按钮最佳实践
1. 语义化使用
html
<!-- 主要操作使用 primary -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">保存</button>
<!-- 次要操作使用 secondary 或 outline -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-outline-secondary">取消</button>
<!-- 危险操作使用 danger -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button>
<!-- 成功操作使用 success -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-success">确认</button>2. 可访问性
html
<!-- 为按钮提供有意义的文本 -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" aria-label="保存文档">
<svg>...</svg>
</button>
<!-- 为禁用按钮提供说明 -->
<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" disabled aria-describedby="save-help">
保存
</button>
<div id="save-help" class="form-text">请先填写必填字段</div>3. 响应式设计
html
<!-- 在小屏幕上使用块级按钮 -->
<div class="d-grid d-md-block">
<button class="btn btn-primary me-md-2 mb-2 mb-md-0">按钮 1</button>
<button class="btn btn-secondary">按钮 2</button>
</div>下一步
现在你已经掌握了 Bootstrap 按钮的使用方法，接下来我们将学习按钮组。